| Network | Container for entire system model | Holds all buses, lines, loads, etc. | net = pp.create_empty_network() |
| Bus | Electrical node (connection point) | Connects all components at same voltage level | pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=...) |
| External Grid / Infinite Bus | Strong reference source (slack) | Sets voltage and balances system | pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus) |
| Slack Bus | Solver reference bus (implicit role of ext_grid) | Absorbs losses, sets angle reference | pp.create_ext_grid(...) |
| Load | Consumes active/reactive power | Represents industrial or residential demand | pp.create_load(net, bus, p_mw=..., q_mvar=...) |
| Generator | Produces active power (controllable) | Local generation, distributed energy | pp.create_gen(net, bus, p_mw=..., vm_pu=...) |
| Transmission Line | Transfers power between buses | Models impedance between nodes | pp.create_line_from_parameters(...) |
| Transformer | Changes voltage level | Connects different voltage levels | pp.create_transformer(net, hv_bus, lv_bus, std_type=...) |
| Switch / Breaker | Connects or isolates elements | Fault isolation and topology control | pp.create_switch(net, bus, element, et="l" or "b") |
| Shunt (Capacitor/Reactors) | Reactive power support/absorption | Voltage control and power factor correction | pp.create_shunt(net, bus, q_mvar=...) |
| Busbar (conceptual) | Physical substation connection point | Not explicit; represented by bus | (modeled via create_bus) |
| CT / PT (measurement) | Measurement for protection/metering | Used in protection systems, not power flow | (not in pandapower core model) |
| Power Flow Solver | Computes voltages and flows | Solves steady-state system | pp.runpp(net) |
| Fault Study (optional) | Short-circuit analysis | Used for protection design | pp.shortcircuit.calc_sc(net) |